New Delhi, February 17: The has dismissed petitions challenging decisions by gram sabhas in certain Scheduled Area villages of Chhattisgarh that restrict the entry of Christian missionaries and pastors. The Court observed that there was no ground to interfere with the earlier ruling of the .
Bench and Verdict
A bench comprising Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Sandeep Mehta heard the matter. The Supreme Court stated that it found no apparent legal error in the High Court’s observations and noted that the petitioners are free to pursue other remedies available under the law.
Background of the Case
In some tribal villages of Chhattisgarh, gram sabhas had put up boards stating that “pastors and converted Christians are not allowed entry.” According to the gram sabhas, the move was aimed at protecting local customs and traditions and preventing forced or fraudulent religious conversions.
The petitions argued that such restrictions violate constitutional provisions under Articles 14 (Right to Equality), 19 (Freedom of Movement), and 25 (Freedom of Religion).
High Court’s Stand
In its October 2025 judgment, the Chhattisgarh High Court examined the powers of gram sabhas in Scheduled Areas under the (PESA). The Court held that gram sabhas are empowered to protect local traditions and social structures. It described the restrictions as a “precautionary measure” and not a direct denial of religious freedom.
The High Court had also directed that petitioners should first approach the appropriate authorities and the gram sabha before seeking judicial intervention.
Tribal Community’s Perspective
Representatives of the gram sabhas stated:
- “It is the duty of the gram sabha to protect our traditional beliefs and customs.”
- “External influences should not disrupt social harmony.”
- “Religious conversion must be a personal choice, without pressure or inducement.”
Some villagers maintained that the resolutions reflect their constitutionally recognized right to self-governance under PESA.
However, members of the Christian community residing in these villages expressed concern, stating that they are part of the same community and should not face exclusion based on religious identity.
Arguments Before the Supreme Court
The petitioners contended that even routine religious activities such as prayer meetings were being obstructed. The State argued that the measures fall within the jurisdiction of the gram sabhas and are based on concerns over forced conversions.
The Supreme Court held that it found no sufficient legal grounds to interfere with the High Court’s decision. At the same time, it clarified that individuals alleging violation of fundamental rights may pursue appropriate legal remedies in accordance with law.
Legal and Social Significance
The ruling has reignited debate over the balance between religious freedom and the autonomy of gram sabhas in Scheduled Areas. Legal experts note that the case is significant for interpreting the scope and limits of PESA in protecting tribal self-governance while safeguarding constitutional rights.
Summary
With the Supreme Court dismissing the plea, the High Court’s judgment stands. While upholding the authority of gram sabhas in Scheduled Areas, the Court reiterated that fundamental rights must remain protected and that legal remedies are available in case of proven violations.
